Any locations falling south of this latitude are said to be in the Antarctic Circle. The Antarctic Circle on the other hand, is the latitude 66° 34′ south.All locations falling north of this latitude are said to be in the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is the latitude 66° 34′ North. The positions of these latitudes are determined by the Earth's axial tilt. In addition to the equator, there are four other major latitudes that are usually found on maps and globes. The equator represents 0° latitude, while the North and South Poles represent 90° North and 90° South latitudes.
Southern Hemisphere locations, on the other hand, are on southern latitudes and are assigned a suffix of S for south. Locations in the Northern Hemisphere are identified by northern latitudes and are assigned a suffix of N for north. Latitudes specify the north-south position of a location on the globe. They are named after the angle created by a line connecting the latitude and the center of the Earth, and the line connecting the equator and the center of the Earth. On a map where north is up, latitudes run laterally (left to right).
Often called parallels or circles of latitude, latitudes are imaginary circles parallel to the equator. On the equinoxes – September and March – the Sun is directly overhead the equator, resulting in almost exactly 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. They also experience at least 12 hours of daylight every day during the year. Most locations on the equator experience consistently high temperatures throughout the year. It is equidistant from the North and South Poles, and divides the globe into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The equator is an imaginary line perpendicular to this axis. If we draw a line passing through the center of the Earth along its rotational axis, the line would pass through the North and the South Pole. Scientists call this shape a spheroid or ellipsoid. The Earth is, almost, but not quite, a sphere that rotates around its axis. Both latitudes and longitudes are measured in degrees (°) and minutes (′).Īstronomical terms & definitions Dividing Earth Into Hemispheres Together, they form the Earth’s geographical coordinates, and represent the angular distance of any location from the center of the Earth. Longitudes and latitudes form Earth's geographical coordinates.
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